Which of the following best describes negotiation tactics?

Negotiation tactics are methods or strategies that individuals use during a negotiation process to influence the outcome in their favor. They encompass a range of specific techniques, such as active listening, persuasion, concessions, or bluffing, all aimed at achieving desired objectives. The focus of these tactics is on practical application and strategic maneuvering to navigate the complexities of negotiation, ensuring that one party can effectively advocate for their interests while also managing the dynamics of the interaction.

The other options highlight concepts that do not accurately capture the essence of negotiation tactics. For instance, treating tactics as irrelevant dismisses their crucial role in shaping negotiation outcomes. Similarly, while emotions may play a significant part in negotiations, they don't constitute tactics in the same functional sense. Lastly, the idea of universal rules suggests rigidity, while effective negotiation tactics are often flexible and tailored to the specific context, participants, and objectives of each unique negotiation.